Head MRI
Definition
头部MRI(磁共振成像)是一种成像测试,它使用强大的磁铁和无线电波来创建大脑和周围组织的图像.
It does not use radiation.
Alternative Names
Nuclear magnetic resonance - cranial; Magnetic resonance imaging - cranial; MRI of the head; MRI - cranial; NMR - cranial; Cranial MRI; Brain MRI; MRI - brain; MRI - head
How the Test is Performed
头部核磁共振是在十大赌博平台排行榜或放射中心进行的.
你躺在一张狭窄的桌子上,桌子滑进一个巨大的隧道状扫描仪.
一些核磁共振检查需要一种特殊的染料,称为造影剂. 染料通常在测试期间通过手或前臂的静脉(IV)注入. 这种染料可以帮助放射科十大赌博平台排行榜更清楚地看到某些区域.
在核磁共振成像期间,操作机器的人从另一个房间看着你. 测试通常持续30到60分钟,但也可能需要更长时间.
How to Prepare for the Test
你可能会被要求在扫描前4到6个小时不要吃或喝任何东西.
如果你害怕近距离空间(有幽闭恐惧症),告诉你的医疗保健提供者。. 你可能会服用药物来帮助你感到困倦和减少焦虑. 或者你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做一个“开放式”的核磁共振成像,这样机器就不会离身体那么近了.
你可能会被要求穿病号服或不带金属领带的衣服(如运动裤和t恤). Certain types of metal can cause blurry images.
Before the test, tell your provider if you have:
- Brain aneurysm clips
- An artificial heart valve
- Heart defibrillator or pacemaker
- Inner ear (cochlear) implants
Kidney disease 或者正在进行透析(你可能无法接受对比)- Recently placed artificial joint
- A blood vessel
stent - 过去曾接触过金属片(您可能需要检查眼睛中是否有金属片)
The MRI contains strong magnets. 金属物品不允许进入有核磁共振扫描仪的房间. This includes:
- Pens, pocketknives, and eyeglasses
- 比如珠宝、手表、信用卡和助听器
- 别针、发夹、金属拉链及类似金属物品
- Removable dental work
How the Test will Feel
如果你需要染色,当染料注入静脉时,你会感到针在你的手臂上夹着.
An MRI exam causes no pain. 如果你很难躺着不动或非常紧张,你可能会服用药物来放松. 太多的移动会模糊图像并导致错误.
桌子可能是硬的或冷的,但你可以要一条毯子或枕头. 这台机器开机时会发出巨大的砰砰声和嗡嗡声. You can ask for ear plugs to help reduce the noise.
房间里的对讲机可以让你随时和别人通话. 一些核磁共振成像有电视和特殊的耳机,可以帮助你打发时间或阻挡扫描仪的噪音.
没有恢复时间,除非你吃了药来放松. 核磁共振扫描后,你可以恢复正常的饮食、活动和药物.
Why the Test is Performed
核磁共振成像提供大脑和神经组织的详细图像.
大脑核磁共振成像可以用来诊断和监测许多影响大脑的疾病和紊乱, including:
- Birth defect
- Bleeding (
subarachnoid (硬膜下或硬膜外出血或脑组织本身出血) Aneurysms - Infection, such as
brain abscess - Tumors (cancerous and noncancerous)
- Hormonal disorders (such as
acromegaly ,galactorrhea , andCushing syndrome ) Multiple sclerosis Stroke
头部核磁共振扫描还可以确定以下原因:
- Muscle weakness or numbness and tingling
- Changes in thinking or behavior
- Hearing loss
- 当出现某些其他症状或体征时头痛
- Speaking difficulties
- Vision problems
Dementia
一种特殊的核磁共振成像称为磁共振血管造影(
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may be due to:
- Abnormal blood vessels in the brain (
arteriovenous malformations of the head ) - 连接耳朵和大脑的神经肿瘤(
acoustic neuroma ) - Bleeding in or around the brain
- Brain infection
- Brain tissue swelling
Brain tumors - Damage to the brain from an injury
- Fluid collecting around the brain (
hydrocephalus ) - Infection of the skull bones (
osteomyelitis ) - Loss of brain tissue
Multiple sclerosis - Stroke or transient ischemic attack (
TIA ) - Structural problems in the brain
Risks
MRI uses no radiation. 到目前为止,还没有关于磁场和无线电波的副作用的报道.
最常用的造影剂(染料)是钆. It is very safe. Allergic reactions to this substance rarely occur. 然而,钆可能对有肾脏问题的透析患者有害. 如果你有肾脏问题,在检查前告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜.
核磁共振成像过程中产生的强磁场会使心脏起搏器和其他植入物无法正常工作. 它还会导致你体内的一块金属移动或移位.
Considerations
MRI is safe during pregnancy. 在许多情况下,MRI可能比CT扫描对大脑中的问题更敏感,比如小肿块. CT通常能更好地发现小范围的出血.
可以代替头部核磁共振成像进行的测试包括:
Head CT scan - Positron emission tomography (
PET ) scan of the brain
A CT scan may be preferred in the following cases, 因为它更快,而且通常在急诊室就能得到:
- Acute trauma of the head and face
- 脑部出血(在最初的24至48小时内)
- Early symptoms of stroke
- 颅骨疾病和涉及耳骨的疾病
References
Barras CD, Bhattacharya JJ. 脑成像的现状和解剖特征. 见:Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM,编. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 53.
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - diagnostic. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:754-757.
Khan M, Schulte J, Zinreich SJ, Aygun N. Overview of diagnostic imaging of the head and neck. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 8.
Review Date: 07/05/2022